To the ordinary layman, Climate Change is a mere abstract phenomenon. In reality, it is ordinary people, and especially
those in the developing States that bear the whole brunt of the devastating impact of climate change. As an
ordinary citizen, understanding the Climate Change conundrum is therefore crucial for making informed decisions
and taking responsible actions. Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects of climate change that can help in comprehending the issue

What is Climate Change

Climate change refers to long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation patterns, wind patterns, and other aspects of the Earth’s climate system. It is primarily caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), deforestation, and industrial processes, which release greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. With this simplistic yet precise breakdown of the subject, it becomes easy for them to relate.

“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth… these are one and the same fight. We must connect the dots between climate change, water scarcity, energy shortages, global health, food security, and women’s empowerment. Solutions to one problem must be solutions for all.”

Ban Ki-moon

Green House Effect

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that keeps the Earth’s surface warm enough to sustain life. Certain gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), act like a “blanket” in the atmosphere, trapping heat and preventing it from escaping into space. Human-induced activities have increased the concentration of these gases, intensifying the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming

Global Warming

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface and oceans. Scientific evidence indicates that the Earth’s average temperature has risen significantly since the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) due to human activities. The consequences of global warming include rising sea levels, melting glaciers, more frequent and severe heat waves, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased intensity of extreme weather events.

Impacts

Climate change has diverse impacts on both natural systems and human societies. It affects ecosystems, biodiversity,
water resources, agriculture, public health, and economies. These impacts can lead to food and water scarcity, displacement of populations, increased vulnerability to natural disasters, and conflicts over resources. The element of impact is a lived experience for many though many would not have made any reference to Climate change. Through awareness and educational drive, it brings the hitherto now an abstract concept a relatable reality.

Mitigation

Mitigation refers to actions taken to reduce or prevent the emission of GHGs and limit the extent of climate change.
This includes transitioning to renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro), improving energy efficiency, adopting
sustainable agricultural practices, and promoting afforestation and reforestation. With understanding it becomes easy to discuss and dissect mitigation practices with the affected people so they become aware of the transition.

Adaptation

Adaptation involves adjusting to the current and future impacts of climate change. It includes measures like building climate-resilient infrastructure, implementing early warning systems for extreme events, developing drought-tolerant crops, and enhancing coastal defences against rising sea levels.

International Cooperation

Addressing climate change requires global cooperation. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement are international efforts aimed at combating climate change by setting targets for reducing emissions, providing financial support to developing countries, and promoting technology sharing.

Individual Action

As an ordinary citizen, you can contribute to climate change mitigation by adopting sustainable practices in your daily life. These may include reducing energy consumption, using public transportation or carpooling

It’s important to note that a combination of these mitigation methods should be pursued simultaneously to achieve significant and lasting effects. Collaboration between governments, businesses, communities, and individuals is essential to address the challenges of climate change and work towards a sustainable future.